All Issue

2026 Vol.34, Issue 3 Preview Page

Research Article

Gender Differences in High School Students’ Experiences of Using Everyday Geospatial Technologies
- A Google Earth-Based Community Spatial Inquiry Lesson -

고등학생의 일상적 지리정보기술 활용 경험과 성별 차이
- 구글어스 기반 지역사회 공간 탐구 수업을 중심으로 -

손민석

Minsuk Son

부산대학교 통일한국연구원 특별연구원
Special Researcher, Institute for Unified Korea, Pusan National University
31 August 2026. pp. 173~187
PDF Citation
Abstract
This study examined gender differences in high school students’ experiences of using everyday geospatial technologies during a Google Earth-based community spatial inquiry lesson. The same survey instrument was administered before and after the lesson to assess four domains: technology acceptance, operation and exploration, spatial interpretation, and visualization experience. A MANCOVA was conducted, followed by ANCOVAs for the four domains, with pre-test scores entered as covariates. Stimulated recall interviews were also conducted to interpret the quantitative findings in relation to students’ actual learning experiences. The results showed that post-test scores were significantly higher than pre-test scores in all four domains for both male and female students. After controlling for pre-test scores, no significant gender difference was found in technology acceptance. Female students had higher adjusted mean scores in two domains-operation and exploration, and visualization experience-whereas male students had a higher adjusted mean score in the spatial interpretation domain. The interviews revealed different patterns in the activities that male and female students focused on and in how they made sense of their experiences using Google Earth. This study extends research on geospatial technology education from its traditional focus on professional GIS to students’ actual experiences of using everyday geospatial technologies. It also provides empirical evidence supporting the need for pedagogical support that accounts for differences in students’ experiences of using Google Earth.
Keywords
everyday geospatial technologies
Google Earth
gender differences
learning experience
geography education
본 연구는 구글어스 기반 지역사회 공간 탐구 수업에 참여한 고등학생을 대상으로 일상적 지리정보기술 활용 경험의 성별 차이를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 기술 수용, 조작·탐색, 공간적 해석, 시각화 경험의 네 영역으로 구성된 설문을 사전·사후에 실시하고, 사전 점수를 통제한 MANCOVA와 ANCOVA를 적용하였다. 또한 자극 회상 인터뷰를 통해 양적 결과의 의미를 실제 수업 경험과 연결하여 해석하였다. 분석 결과, 남학생과 여학생 모두 수업 이후 네 영역의 사후 점수가 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 사전 점수를 통제한 조정분석 결과, 기술 수용에서는 성별 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 조작·탐색과 시각화 경험에서는 여학생의 조정 평균이 높았고, 공간적 해석에서는 남학생의 조정 평균이 높았다. 인터뷰에서는 남학생과 여학생이 중점을 둔 활동과 구글어스 활용 경험을 의미화하는 방식에서 서로 다른 양상이 나타났다. 본 연구는 전문 GIS 중심의 지리정보기술 교육 연구를 일상적 지리정보기술의 실제 활용 경험으로 확장하고, 학생들의 서로 다른 구글어스 활용 경험을 고려한 교수학적 지원의 필요성을 뒷받침하는 경험적 근거를 제시한다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
키워드
일상적 지리정보기술
구글어스
성별 차이
학습 경험
지리교육
References
  1. 강영옥, 2008, “웹 2.0 환경변화가 지리학 연구에 미치는 영향 고찰”, 대한지리학회지, 43(3), 375-391.
  2. 김민성, 2007, “공간적 사고와 GIS의 교육적 사용에 대한 가능성 탐구”, 한국지리환경교육학회지, 15(3), 233-245. 10.17279/jkagee.2007.15.3.233
  3. 김민성, 2010, “교육 현장의 GIS 관련 상황과 교육적 사용을 위해 고려해야 할 요소”, 한국지리환경교육학회지, 18(2), 173-184. 10.17279/jkagee.2010.18.2.173
  4. 김민성, 2013, “GIS 학습에서 성별과 전공 차이가 공간적 습관에 미치는 영향”, 한국지도학회지, 13(1), 73-86.
  5. 김민성, 2017, “공간적 시민성의 개념화와 적용: 장애인 시각에서 대구 근대화 골목 바라보기”, 한국지리학회지, 6(3), 339-354. 10.25202/JAKG.6.3.3
  6. 김민성, 2022, “감정지리학의 교육적 활용: 캠퍼스 감정지도화 활동”, 한국지리환경교육학회지, 30(3), 1-16.
  7. 김민성·이상일·이소영, 2016, “지리공간서비스의 교육적 함의와 교수학습 모델 개발”, The SNU Journal of Education Research, 25(1), 1-26.
  8. 김지연·강영옥, 2017, “스마트폰과 공간정보기술을 활용한 수업모듈의 개발과 적용: 우리 지역 소음지도 만들기”, 한국지도학회지, 17(2), 63-74. 10.16879/jkca.2017.17.2.063
  9. 박예정, 2007, 고등학교 지리 교사들의 WebGIS에 대한 인식과 활용 실태 연구, 이화여자대학교 교육대학원 석사학위논문.
  10. 배선학, 2010, “웹 2.0 기반의 지리정보를 활용한 경관자원 평가: 구글어스를 사례로”, 한국사진지리학회지, 20(3), 1-12.
  11. 손민석, 2024, 공간적 시민성 교육을 위한 교수·학습모형 개발에 관한 연구, 부산대학교 박사학위논문.
  12. 손민석, 2025, “「통합사회」에서의 공간 정의 수업과 교육적 효과: 지역사회 공간 정의 프로젝트를 중심으로”, 한국지리환경교육학회지, 33(3), 35-53.
  13. 손민석·이진희, 2024, “공간적 시민성 교육에 대한 교사·학습자 요구 분석: 교수·학습모형 개발을 위한 현장 조사 및 교육적 방향성 설정”, 한국지리환경교육학회지, 32(3), 99-118.
  14. 우민영, 2012, 앰비언트(Ambient) 광고를 활용한 시각적 의사소통능력 신장 지도방안: 초등학교 6학년을 중심으로, 서울교육대학교 석사학위논문.
  15. 이정민·김영훈, 2024, “통계지리정보서비스(SGIS)를 활용한 지리 수업 적용 및 평가에 관한 연구”, 융합교육연구, 10(2), 121-144.
  16. 이진희·조인정, 2016, “지리공간기술의 지리교육현장 적용에 대한 예비교사들의 태도 연구”, 한국지리학회지, 5(2), 85-97. 10.25202/JAKG.5.2.1
  17. 전보애, 2010, “GIS를 활용한 수업이 공간적 사고능력과 지리적 기능에 미치는 영향”, 대한지리학회지, 45(6), 820-844.
  18. 주현식·백성혜·오윤선, 2022, “구글어스를 활용한 문학지리 교육: 학습자의 『열하일기』 장소체험을 중심으로”, 문학교육학, 76, 503-545. 10.37192/KLER.76.14
  19. 함경림, 2021, “예비교사들이 경험한 구글어스 활용 지리수업의 특징과 유용성”, 한국지리환경교육학회지, 29(1), 73-87.
  20. 황상일·이금삼, 1996, “고등학교 지리학습에서 GIS 교육의 현황과 전망”, 한국지리환경교육학회지, 4(1), 1-20.
  21. Bednarz, S. W., 2004, Geographic information systems: A tool to support geography and environmental education?, GeoJournal, 60(2), 191-199. 10.1023/B:GEJO.0000033574.44345.c9
  22. Bednarz, S. W. and Kemp, K., 2011, Understanding and nurturing spatial literacy, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 21, 18-23. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.07.004
  23. Burden, S., Topping, A., and O’Halloran, C., 2015, The value of artefacts in stimulated-recall interviews, Nurse Researcher, 23(1), 26-33. 10.7748/nr.23.1.26.e1324
  24. Davis, F. D., 1989, Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology, MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319-340. 10.2307/249008
  25. de Vaus, D. A., 2002, Surveys in Social Research (5th ed.), Routledge, London. 10.4135/9781446263495
  26. Dishaw, M. T., and Strong, D. M., 1999, Extending the technology acceptance model with task-technology fit constructs, Information & Management, 36(1), 9-21. 10.1016/S0378-7206(98)00101-3
  27. Encinas-Martín, M. and Cherian, M., 2023, Gender, Education and Skills: The Persistence of Gender Gaps in Education and Skills, OECD Skills Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris. 10.1787/34680dd5-en
  28. Goodchild, M. F., 2007, Citizens as sensors: The world of volunteered geography, GeoJournal, 69(4), 211-221. 10.1007/s10708-007-9111-y
  29. Goodchild, M. F., 2008, The use cases of digital earth, International Journal of Digital Earth, 1(1), 31-42. 10.1080/17538940701782528
  30. Graneheim, U. H. and Lundman, B., 2004, Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: Concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness, Nurse Education Today, 24(2), 105-112. 10.1016/j.nedt.2003.10.001
  31. Gryl, I. and Jekel, T., 2012, Re-centering geoinformation in secondary education: Toward a spatial citizenship approach, Cartographica, 47(1), 18-28. 10.3138/carto.47.1.18
  32. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., and Tatham, R. L., 2006, Multivariate Data Analysis (6th ed.), Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
  33. Hamidi, H. and Chavoshi, A., 2018, Analysis of the essential factors for the adoption of mobile learning in higher education: A case study of students of the University of Technology, Telematics and Informatics, 35(4), 1053-1070. 10.1016/j.tele.2017.09.016
  34. Hsieh, H. F. and Shannon, S. E., 2005, Three approaches to qualitative content analysis, Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277-1288. 10.1177/1049732305276687
  35. Huck, S. W., 2008, Reading Statistics and Research (5th ed.), Pearson Education, Boston, MA.
  36. Hyde, J. S., 2005, The gender similarities hypothesis, American Psychologist, 60(6), 581-592. 10.1037/0003-066X.60.6.581
  37. Kaiser, H. F., 1974, An index of factorial simplicity, Psychometrika, 39(1), 31-36. 10.1007/BF02291575
  38. Kidman, G. and Palmer, G., 2006, GIS: The technology is there but the teaching is yet to catch up, International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 15(3), 289-296. 10.2167/irgee196i.0
  39. Kim, M. and Bednarz, R., 2013a, Development of critical spatial thinking through GIS learning, Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 37(3), 350-366. 10.1080/03098265.2013.769091
  40. Kim, M., and Bednarz, R., 2013b, Effects of a GIS course on self-assessment of spatial habits of mind (SHOM), Journal of Geography, 112(4), 165-177. 10.1080/00221341.2012.684356
  41. Kim, M., Bednarz, R., and Lee, S., 2011, GIS education for teachers in South Korea: Who participates and why?, Journal of the Korean Geographical Society, 46(3), 382-395. 10.22776/KGS.2011.46.3.382
  42. Lee, B. C., Yoon, J. O., and Lee, I., 2009, Learners’ acceptance of e-learning in South Korea: Theories and results, Computers & Education, 53(4), 1320-1329. 10.1016/j.compedu.2009.06.014
  43. Lee, J. and Bednarz, R., 2009, Effect of GIS learning on spatial thinking, Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 33(2), 183-198. 10.1080/03098260802276714
  44. Lee, J. and Bednarz, R., 2012, Components of spatial thinking: Evidence from a spatial thinking ability test, Journal of Geography, 111(1), 15-26. 10.1080/00221341.2011.583262
  45. Lee, J., Jo, I., Xuan, X., and Zhou, W., 2018, Geography preservice teachers’ disposition toward teaching spatial thinking through geography: A comparison between China and Korea, International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 27(2), 135-148. 10.1080/10382046.2017.1320898
  46. Linn, M. C. and Petersen, A. C., 1985, Emergence and characterization of sex differences in spatial ability: A meta-analysis, Child Development, 56(6), 1479-1498. 10.2307/1130467
  47. Maeda, Y. and Yoon, S. Y., 2013, A meta-analysis on gender differences in mental rotation ability measured by the Purdue Spatial Visualization Tests: Visualization of Rotations, Educational Psychology Review, 25(1), 69-94. 10.1007/s10648-012-9215-x
  48. McGee, M. G., 1979, Human spatial abilities: Psychometric studies and environmental, genetic, hormonal, and neurological influences, Psychological Bulletin, 86(5), 889-918. 10.1037/0033-2909.86.5.889
  49. National Research Council, 2006, Learning to Think Spatially: GIS as a Support System in the K-12 Curriculum, National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
  50. Patterson, T. C., 2007, Google Earth as a (not just) geography education tool, Journal of Geography, 106(4), 145-152. 10.1080/00221340701678032
  51. Reiser, B. J., 2004, Scaffolding complex learning: The mechanisms of structuring and problematizing student work, The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13(3), 273-304. 10.1207/s15327809jls1303_2
  52. Shin, E. E., Milson, A. J., and Smith, T. J., 2016, Future teachers’ spatial thinking skills and attitudes, Journal of Geography, 115(4), 139-146. 10.1080/00221341.2015.1100654
  53. Sui, D. Z., 2008, The wikification of GIS and its consequences: Or Angelina Jolie’s new tattoo and the future of GIS, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 32(1), 1-5. 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2007.12.001
  54. Tomlinson, C. A., Brighton, C., Hertberg, H., Callahan, C. M., Moon, T. R., Brimijoin, K., Conover, L. A., and Reynolds, T., 2003, Differentiating instruction in response to student readiness, interest, and learning profile in academically diverse classrooms: A review of literature, Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 27(2-3), 119-145. 10.1177/016235320302700203
  55. Turner, A., 2006, Introduction to Neogeography, O’Reilly Media, Sebastopol, CA.
  56. Uttal, D. H., Meadow, N. G., Tipton, E., Hand, L. L., Alden, A. R., Warren, C., and Newcombe, N. S., 2013, The malleability of spatial skills: A meta-analysis of training studies, Psychological Bulletin, 139(2), 352-402. 10.1037/a0028446
  57. Voyer, D., Voyer, S., and Bryden, M. P., 1995, Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities: A meta-analysis and consideration of critical variables, Psychological Bulletin, 117(2), 250-270. 10.1037/0033-2909.117.2.250
  58. Xiang, X. and Liu, Y., 2019, Exploring and enhancing spatial thinking skills: Learning differences of university students within a web-based GIS mapping environment, British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(4), 1865-1881. 10.1111/bjet.12677
Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Association Of Geographic And Environmental Education
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지리환경교육학회
  • Journal Title :The Journal of The Korean Association of Geographic and Environmental Education
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국지리환경교육학회지
  • Volume : 34
  • No :3
  • Pages :173~187
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.17279/jkagee.2026.34.3.173
Journal Informaiton The Journal of The Korean Association of Geographic and Environmental Education The Journal of The Korean Association of Geographic and Environmental Education
Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • KCI 문헌 유사도 검사
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close